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Lloyd C.E. Boden S. Nouwen A. Sartorius N. Ahmed H.U. Alvarez A. De Braude M.G. Bahendeka S. Basangwa D. Bobrov A.E. Bulgari V. De Girolamo G. Burti L. Chaturvedi S.K. Cimino L.C. Gaebel W. Wolwer W. Gondek T.M. Guntupalli A. Heinze M.G. Ji L. Hong X. Khan A. Taj R. Kiejna A. Kokoszka A. Kamala T. Lalic N.M. Lecic T.D. Vukovic O. Mankovsky B. Li M. Musau A. Mussig K. Ndetei D. Rabbani G. Srikanta S.S. Starostina E.G. Shevchuk M. Xin Y.
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To assess the prevalence and management of depressive disorders in people with Type 2 diabetes in different countries. Methods: People with diabetes aged 18-65 years and treated in outpatient settings were recruited in 14 countries and underwent a psychiatric interview. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale. Demographic and medical record data were collected. Results: A total of 2783 people with Type 2 diabetes (45.3% men, mean duration of diabetes 8.8 years) participated. Overall, 10.6% were diagnosed with current major depressive disorder and 17.0% reported moderate to severe levels of depressive symptomatology (Patient Health Questionnaire scores >9). Multivariable analyses showed that, after controlling for country, current major depressive disorder was significantly associated with gender (women) (P<0.0001), a lower level of education (P<0.05), doing less exercise (P<0.01), higher levels of diabetes distress (P&
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